• General Windows commands

• Basic network commands and tools

- ping
- tracert
- netstat
- ipconfig
- route



System Operation: WINDOWS

Most of the tools used for the study of networks are internal commands in the
Windows operating system. Therefore, we are going to explain how to open a
command window when the Windows operating system is being used.

• How to open an MS-DOS window

To issue the following commands, it is necessary to open a command prompt (an MS-DOS window).

1.- Click the START button
2.- Choose the RUN option
3.- Type “command” or “cmd”
and press Enter or click OK.
4.- Now you can enter the commands and tools listed below...



Commands and tools (Windows)
Commands...

• date Display or set the date of the system

• time Display or set the time of the system

• ver Display the MS-DOS version that is being used

• dir Display the list of subdirectories and files of a directory

• cls Clear the screen

• mkdir, md directory a directory with the name “directory”
  Example: md tools
  

• chdir, cd directory the name or change the current directory
  Example: cd tools

• rmdir, rd directory Delete the directory with the name “directory”
  Example: rd tools
  
• chkdsk Check a disk and show a status report
• ping host Verify contact with the machine “host”
  The command ping sends "packets" using ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to another computer, to learn whether it is accessible through the network. In addition, it shows a statistical summary about the percentage of packets that have not been answered and the response time. The name of the machine can be used directly or its IP address. Examples: ping www.google.com
  ping 193.145.85.2
  Some options are:
  - n N: send N packets
  - t: ping the specified host until stopped (press CTRL+C to end) To see more options: ping /h
• tracert host Show the route that packets follow to reach the machine “host” The command tracert is the abbreviation of trace route, which allows you to learn the route that a packet follows from the origin, (your machine) to the destination machine. It can also tell you the time it takes to make each jump. At the most, 30 jumps will be listed. It is sometimes interesting to observe the names of the machines through which the packets travel.
  

Examples: tracert www.google.com
tracert 193.145.85.2
Some options are:
- h N: to specify N, at the most, jumps.
- d: to not show the names of the machines.

• ipconfig Display information on the active interfaces (ethernet, ppp, etc.)
  in the computer.
  Some options:
  /all: to show more details
  /renew name: renews connection with “name” when automatic
  configuration with DHCP is used.
  /release name: deactivates all matching connections when
  automatic configuration with DHCP is used.
• netstat Displays information on the status of the network and established
  connections with remote machines.
  Some options:
  -a: To sample all the connections and listening ports
  -n: to display addresses and port numbers in numeric form
  -e: to sample Ethernet statistics
  For example: netstat - an
  
  
  note:-netstat and tracert commands are useful when u want to find ip address of anyone while on chat! This is also important when you want to hack into any computer.more later.